Kajian Hubungan Iklim Keselamatan Kerja dan Perilaku Keselamatan di PT Pertamina RU-VI Balongan
Abstract
PT Pertamina RU-VI Balongan merupakan salah satu kilang minyak di Indonesia. Aspek keselamatan dalam proses operasi kilang merupakan hal yang sangat penting, sehingga perusahaan terus memasang target zero accident. Penelitian sebelumnya telah menemukan bahwa kecelakaan kerja disebabkan oleh perilaku tidak aman. Angka perilaku tidak aman di RU-VI tergolong masih tinggi, yaitu sebanyak 4,269. Salah satu pendekatan yang dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi perilaku keselamatan adalah menggunakan pendekatan iklim keselamatan kerja. Studi ini mengidentifikasi dimensi-dimensi iklim keselamatan kerja apa sajakah yang memengaruhi perilaku keselamatan di RU-VI. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah kuesioner perilaku keselamatan dan kuesioner NOSACQ-50. Responden berjumlah 334 orang yang terdiri dari pekerja organik, mitra, dan kontraktor. Hasil pengolahan data untuk RU-VI menunjukkan terdapat lima dari tujuh dimensi yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku keselamatan. Berdasarkan hasil ini, kemudian diberikan rekomendasi terkait perbaikan program keselamatan kerja di RU-VI. Kata kunci: Iklim Keselamatan Kerja, Perilaku Keselamatan, NOSACQ-50References
Al-Haadir, Saeed, Kriengsak Panuwatwanich, and Rodney A. Stewart, Empirical analysis of the impacts of safety motivation and safety climate on safety behaviour. Proceedings of the 19th CIB World Building Congress: Construction and Society, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. (2013).
Andi, Alifen, R. S., & Chandra, A., Model Persamaan Struktural Pengaruh Budaya Keselamatan Kerja pada Prilaku Pekerja Proyek Konstruksi. Jurnal Teknik Sipil Universitas Petra Surabaya. 12(3) (2005).
Barbaranelli, C., Petitta, L., & Probst, T. M., Does Safety Climate Predict Safety Performance in Italy and the USA? Accident Analysis and Prevention. (2015) 35-44.
BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, Laporan Keberlanjutan 2019 BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. (2019).
Cooper, M., & Phillips, R., Exploratory Analysis of the Safety Climate and Safety Behavior Relationship. Journal of Safety Research. 35 (2004) 497-512.
Flin, R., Mearns, K., O'connor, P., & Bryden, R., Measuring Safety Climate: Identifying the Common Features. Safety Sciences. 34 (2000) 177-192.
Fugas, C. S., Sliva, S. A., & Melia, J., Another Look at Safety Climate and Safet Behavior: Deepening the Cognitive and Social Mediator Mechanisms. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 45 (2012) 468-477.
Garg, S., Razdan, A., & Punia, D., Role of individual factors in effective safety management system of oil & gas industries. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology. 4 (2015).
Guldenmund, F. W., The Nature of Safety Culture: a review of theory and research. Safety Science. 34 (2000) 215-257.
Kanten, S., The Relationships among Working Conditions, Safety Climate, Safe Behaviors and Occupational Accidents: An Empirical Research on the Marble Workers. The Macrotheme Review. (2013).
Kines, P., Lappalainen, J., Mikkelsen, K. L., Olsen, E., Pousette, A., Tharaldsen, J., Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50): A new tool for diagnosing occupational safety climate. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 41 (2011) 634-646.
Neal, A., Griffin, M., & Hart, P., The Impact of Organizational Climate on Safety Climate and Individual Behavior. Safety Science. 34 (2000) 99-109.
Sabet, P. G., Aadal, H., Jamshidi, M. H., & Rad, K. G. Application of Domino Theory to Justify and Prevent Accident Occurrence in Construction Sites. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering. (2013) 72-76.
Sadullah, O., & Kanten, S., A Research on the Effect of Organizational Safety Climate Upon the Safe Bahaviors. Ege Academic Review. (2009) 923-932.
Setiawan, D., Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Safety behavior di PT Makmur Sejahtera Wisesa. Banjarmasin: Universitas Lambung Mangkurat. (2011).
Vaidogas, E, R., Occupational Safety Management and Engineering: Workplace Accidents. Occupational Safety and Health. (2007).
Widyanti, A., Octaviana, I., Yamin, P., Safety Climate, Safety Behavior, and Accident Experience: Case of Indonesian Oil and Gas Company. Industrial Engineering & Management Systems. 17(1) (2018) 128-135.
Wills, A. R., Biggs, H. C., & Watson, B., Analysis of a Safety Climate Measure for Occupational Vehicle Drivers and Implications for Safer Workplaces. Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling. (2005) 8-21.
Zohar, D.. 1980. Safety Climate in Industrial Organizations: Theoretical and Applied Implications. Journal of Applied Psychology. 65 (1980).
